EPPS Brochure

Neuropsychological tests are specifically designed tasks used to measure a psychological function known to be linked to a particular brain structure or pathway.

Neuropsychological tests are designed to examine a variety of cognitive abilities, including speed of information processing, attention, memory, language, and executive functions, which are necessary for goal-directed behavior. By testing a range of cognitive abilities and examining patterns of performance in different cognitive areas. Neuropsychological testing is an important component of the assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury, dementia , neurological conditions, and psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychological testing is also an important tool for examining the effects of toxic substances and medical conditions on brain functioning.

Categories
1. Intelligence – A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.
It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings—”catching on,” “making sense” of things, or “figuring out” what to do.

2. Memory– Memory is a very broad function which includes several distinct abilities, all of which can be selectively impaired and require individual testing. There is disagreement as to the number of memory systems, depending on the psychological perspective taken. From a clinical perspective, a view of five distinct types of memory is in most cases sufficient. Semantic memory and episodic memory (collectively called declarative memory or explicit memory); procedural memory and priming or perceptual learning (collectively called non-declarative memory or implicit memory) all four of which are long term memory systems; and working memory or short term memory. Semantic memory is memory for facts, episodic memory is autobiographical memory, procedural memory is memory for the performance of skills, priming is memory facilitated by prior exposure to a stimulus and working memory is a form or short term memory for information manipulation.
3. Language – Language functions include speech, reading and writing, all of which can be selectively impaired.
4. Executive function – Executive functions are various cognitive processes and sub-processes. The executive functions include: problem solving, planning, organizational skills, selective attention, inhibitory control and some aspects of short term memory
5. Visuospatial – Neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function the areas of visual perception, visual construction and visual integration.
6. Dementia specific– Dementia testing is often done by way of testing the cognitive functions that are most often impaired by the disease e.g. memory, orientation, language and problem solving.

Neuropsychological Test
1. Wechsler memory scale
2. PGI memory scale
3. Bender Gestalt test (BGT)
4. PGI battery of brain dysfunction
5. Luria-Nabraska neuropsychological test battery
6. Dementia Rating Scale

Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life.
A personality test is a questionnaire or other standardized instrument designed to reveal aspects of an individual’s character or psychological makeup.
The first personality tests were developed in the 1920s

1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
2. 16 Personalilty Factor ( 16 PF)

A projective test is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts.

1. Rorschach In-blot Test – The Rorschach inkblot test is a type of projective psychological test . Used to analyze personality and emotional functioning.

Rorschach Inkblot test is a psychological test in which subjects’ perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation. In which detect underlying thought disorder, especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their thinking processes openly.
The Rorschach Inkblot test was not originally intended to be a projective measure of personality. Instead, it was meant to produce a profile of people with schizophrenia (or other mental disorders) based upon score frequencies.

2. Thematic apperception test
3. Draw-A-Person test
4. Sentence completion test
5. Children Apperception Test– The CAT uses relating to problems of feeding and other oral activity, sibling rivalry, parent child relations, aggression, toilet training and other childhood experiences based on psychoanalytic theory- orality, oedipal complex, aggression and the like.

Mental retardation (MR) is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. It is defined as a level of intellectual functioning (as measured by standard intelligence tests) that is well below average and results in significant limitations in the person’s daily living skills (adaptive functioning).

Description
Mental retardation begins in childhood or adolescence before the age of 18. In most cases, it persists throughout adult life. A diagnosis of mental retardation is made if an individual has an intellectual functioning level well below average, as well as significant limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas. Intellectual functioning level is defined by standardized tests that measure the ability to reason in terms of mental age (intelligence quotient or IQ).
An adaptive skill is a term that refers to skills needed for daily life. Such skills include the ability to produce and understand language (communication); home-living skills; use of community resources; health, safety, leisure, self-care, and social skills; self-direction; functional academic skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic); and job-related skills.

IQ  Test
1. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
2. Seguin form board
3. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
4. Bhatia’ battery of performance tests
5. Raven’s progressive matrices

Adaptive behavior includes the age-appropriate behaviors necessary for people to live independently and to function safely and appropriately in daily life. Adaptive behaviors include life skills such as grooming, dressing, safety, food handling, working, money management, cleaning, making friends, social skills, and the personal responsibility expected of their age and social group.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a psychological projective test, where in a client is instructed to form stories from pictures depicted on cards. This test was administered to assess dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes and conflicts of personality.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test that assesses personality traits and psychopathology. It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues.
The MMPI-2 is designed with 10 clinical scales which assess 10 major categories of abnormal human behavior, and four validity scales, which assess the person’s general test-taking attitude and whether they answered the items on the test in a truthful and accurate manner.

Children Appreciation Test

Neuropsychological Test

Projective Test