FAQs on Multiple Sclerosis: Common Questions Answered

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibres. This damage can disrupt communication between the brain and other parts of the body.

What are the common symptoms of MS?

Common symptoms of MS include:

Fatigue
Weakness
Numbness or tingling
Vision problems (e.g., blurred vision, double vision)
Balance and coordination problems
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Cognitive changes (e.g., memory problems, difficulty concentrating)

What causes MS?

The exact cause of MS is unknown. However, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Is there a cure for MS?

Currently, there is no cure for MS. However, treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

How is MS diagnosed?

MS is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as MRI, spinal tap, and evoked potential tests.

What are the different types of MS?

There are four main types of MS:

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): This is the most common type, characterized by periods of symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms).
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): This occurs when RRMS progresses, leading to a steady decline in function.
Primary progressive MS (PPMS): This is a less common type characterized by a gradual worsening of symptoms from the beginning.
Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS): This is characterized by a steady decline in function with occasional relapses.

What is the difference between relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS?

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is characterized by periods of symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms). Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) occurs when RRMS progresses, leading to a steady decline in function.

What is the difference between primary progressive MS and progressive-relapsing MS?

Primary progressive MS (PPMS) is characterized by a gradual worsening of symptoms from the beginning. Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS) is characterized by a steady decline in function with occasional relapses.

What are the treatment options for MS?

Treatment options for MS include:

Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs): These medications can slow the progression of MS and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses.
Symptom management: This includes medications to manage pain, fatigue, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and other symptoms.
Rehabilitation therapy: This can help individuals with MS improve their physical and cognitive function.

What is the role of physical therapy in MS?

Physical therapy can help individuals with MS improve their strength, balance, coordination, and mobility.

What is the role of nutrition in MS?

While there is no specific MS diet, some people with MS may find that certain dietary changes can help manage their symptoms. For example, some people may find that avoiding gluten or dairy can help reduce fatigue or other symptoms.

What is the role of exercise in MS?

Regular exercise can help improve strength, balance, coordination, and mobility for people with MS. It is important to consult with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.